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發表論文概要

　　色彩恆常性之表現為基礎的研究

6/27 (Tuesday)
 
色彩外觀研究之發展-物理學，神經科學，運算理論，與知覺在色彩學的研究

有關色彩外觀的研究近年來已經歷了一個重大的轉變。其所研究的問題現在利用功能型的作業，比如物體辨識，視覺搜尋，以及分割的研究等，來加以構思。現已發現由於受到物體表面反射光譜的物理限制，以及照明光線的能量光譜的因素，來自物體的色彩神經信號會跨越不同的照明，而形成有系統的關聯。此外，視覺影像中， T 字形與 X 字形的幾何聯結也提供關於照明，透明感，與相對深度的線索。現已有為數眾多的運算模型與算則被發展出來，用以在不同的視覺作業中探究這些系統圖案。對這些模型所進行的心理物理學檢驗中，各類新型的儀器，視覺刺激，與實驗的設計都已被發展出來。而這些技術上的進步亦增添了我們對人類操作複雜色彩作業能力的知識，特別是關於那些用來辨識跨越不同照明之物體，與跨越一組物體之照明的線索與策略。
 
Developments in Color Appearance Studies: Physical, Neural, Computational, and Perceptual.
The study of color appearance has gone through a major transformation in recent years. The problem is now conceived in terms of functional tasks, such as object identification and visual search and segmentation. It has been discovered that due to physical constraints on reflectance spectra of objects and energy spectra of illuminants, chromatic neural signals from objects form systematic correlation across illuminants. In addition, geometric T and X junctions in the visual image provide cues to illumination, transparency, and relative depth. A number of computational models and algorithms have been devised to exploit these systematic patterns in different visual tasks. For psychophysical tests of these models, new types of apparatuses, stimuli, and experimental paradigms have been developed. These technical advances have increased our knowledge about human abilities to perform complex color tasks, in particular, about the cues and strategies used to identify objects across illuminants, and illuminants across object sets.
 
幼童的色彩知覺及其認知發展的關係探討
許多研究成果指出幼童對色彩資訊的感知及處理方式和他們自身的認知發展有很強烈的關聯性。在本篇文章中，作者旨在調查並闡述有關幼童色彩知覺的研究以說明幼童如何感知及處理色彩資訊。其他相關的研究項目，如幼童的色彩視覺、色彩命名的困難性、視覺區域和性別差異的關係、色彩知覺與認知發展的關聯性、視覺感知的研究技巧等亦在此篇文章中有所論述，以幫助讀者對此方面之研究有更深入的了解。最後，作者強調如何應用有關幼童色彩知覺研究成果的重要性，因為如此作才能促進幼童的認知發展，尤其對具不同學習障礙的幼童們更有助益。
 
The Relationships between Young Children's Color Perception and Their Cognitive Development
The encoding of the wavelength information of visible light spectra is the beginning of human color vision. This has been known to be a function of the retinal cones. However, the emergence of color perception is beyond retinal signals, and higher cortical areas play even more important roles. Parallel physiological and psychophysical visual pathways have been suggested to carry different visual signals from retina to cortex. Psychophysical evidences show that there are two kinds of color signals which can be specified in the color space, and recent anatomical studies also suggest these parallel pathways in human color vision.
 
人類的色彩視覺

可見光光譜中波長資訊的收錄是人類色彩視覺的開端，並且已知是屬於視網膜錐細胞的功能。無論如何，色彩知覺的產生並不單獨來自視網膜的神經信號，而高階的大腦皮質可能扮演更重要的角色。生理上與心理物理上的平行視覺通路已被證實由視網膜到大腦皮質傳遞不同的視覺訊息。心理物理上的證據顯示在色彩空間中有兩類不同的色彩信號可被加以區辦出來，而解剖學上的研究亦指出人類的視覺系統中存在著這樣的平行視覺通路。
 
Seeing the Color － From Pigment to Perception
The encoding of the wavelength information of visible light spectra is the beginning of human color vision. This has been known to be a function of the retinal cones. However, the emergence of color perception is beyond retinal signals, and higher cortical areas play even more important roles. Parallel physiological and psychophysical visual pathways have been suggested to carry different visual signals from retina to cortex. Psychophysical evidences show that there are two kinds of color signals which can be specified in the color space, and recent anatomical studies also suggest these parallel pathways in human color vision.
 
基本色彩之慣用色名研究
本研究主要目的，在探討基本色彩之慣用色名研究。調查研究結果發現如下：(1)色調收斂：鮮豔色調為受測者選擇最多的色調，其中在紅色占55.7％、綠色占40.2％、及藍色占51.9％。(2)科系差異：設計與非設計科系學生，對於色相與色調的選擇均相當一致。(3)性別差異：男性與女性學生，對於色相與色調的選擇均相當一致。
 
A Study of Commonly Used Color of Primary Colors
This study investigated the commonly used color of the primary colors. The results indicate that: (1) Converge of color tone: vivid is the most popular color tone for the subjects. (2) Department: the favorite of color tones and hues between design and non-design major students are consistent. (3) Gender: the favorite of color tones and hues between male and female student are consistent.
 
中國色彩學之探討
本文乃針對中國色彩學的起源，以及中華民族性對色彩之感覺進行探討。中國在三千年前就以赤、黃、青、白、黑為五大正色，且中國人不論是食、衣、住、行多非常重視方位藝術，認為物質的基本元素有五個，代表五個方位與屬性，即青色屬木在東方、白色屬金在西方、赤色屬火在南方、黑色屬水在北方、黃色屬土在正中央。因而中國人的思想與生活長久以來受此影響甚深。五大正色在應用時常被分為陰與陽：在中國人的色彩觀念裡，分為有彩色的三原色(赤、青、黃)屬陽，無彩色的二原色(白、黑)屬陰。因此在傳統的配色方法中，均以陰陽配為主，例如紅(赤)配黑、紅(赤)配白 (其中白為陰中之陽)，即為一般俗稱的大吉祥，紅(赤)配藍(青)有時也可稱之。由種種跡象顯示，中國五色的色彩觀念，是最符合中國傳統美學。
 
Exploration of implication in Chinese Chromatics
The origination of Chinese chromatics can be traced back to 3000 years ago where the Chinese take red, yellow, blue, white and black as five main colors. Furthermore, the Chinese combine the five elements of material - representing four direction points and central point - with respective color and attribute. Such as blue is classified into 〝Muh 〞located in the direction of east , white is classified into 〝Jin 〞located in the direction of west , red is classified into〝 Huoo 〞located in the direction of south,black is classified into〝 Shoei 〞located in the direction Of north, and yellow is classified into 〝Tuu〞located in the center. All these have greatly affected the thinking and lives of Chinese people . The Chinese chromatics concept separates feminine from masculine. Out of the five main colors, the red, blue and yellow are seen as masculine colors, while the white and black are seen as feminine colors. Traditional good color matching are those consisting of masculine and feminine colors, so we can say that the use of five main colors is the essence of Chinese traditional color, and it is in accordance with the Chinese traditional aesthetic.
 

漢風色典
「漢風色典」整合各相關專業領域，包括色彩系統理論、紡織印染技術、色彩量測、電腦配色與流行市場需求。首創兩萬色色彩體系，利用了兩萬色的三度色彩空間，並與視覺同步的均勻排列。 為了達到全方位的色彩運用，「漢風色典」包括兩種排列方式，即二十四個環狀式「色相表」與六十七個直列式「濃度表」。無論從色彩語言的清晰度、色度空間的均勻度、排列方式與顏色數量，「漢風色典」可提供突破性的色彩體系，並且優於現有的系統。 「漢風色典」的色立體系統對於染整技術也將有重大的影響；它不僅可應用於生產作業上，而且不需色樣便能有效的傳達色彩，可解決沒有色樣便無法染色的困擾，並節省一般配色對色的時間。 「漢風色典」是首創超大色彩空間的色彩體系，除了可以應用於紡織產業外，亦可應用於教育界與其他行業，如室內裝潢、工業設計、印刷業及廣告業等，對全面提昇色彩教育、設計和研發水準應有卓越的價值。
 
SINO Color Book
The "SINO COLOR BOOK" integrates every specialized field, including color system theory, textile printing and dyeing technology, color measuring, computer color matching and market trend. Its first ever twenty thousand-color system utilizes three dimensional color space of these twenty thousand colors to be evenly displayed in synchronization with vision. In order to achieve comprehensive color use, the "SINO COLOR BOOK" includes two display methods: the twenty-four cyclic color chart and the sixty-seven columns of the intensity chart. Regardless of color language clarity, spatial harmony, display formation and color quantity, the "SINO COLOR BOOK" provides an explosive color system which seems to be superior than the other present systems. The color stereoscope system of the "SINO COLOR BOOK" has had a revolutionary effect on dyeing technology. It has been successfully applied in manufacturing where fast and systematic dying can be achieved without color proof, hence solving the dilemma of not being able to dye without any color proofing. The time required to match dye colors can be saved, cost can be lowered, and overall efficiency can be achieved. The "SINO COLOR BOOK" is the first indigenous color system for super large color space. Besides application in the textile industry, it can be used for education and other industries, such as interior decoration, industrial design, printing and advertisement, etc. It is extremely valuable in the improvement of color education, design and R&D.
 
色彩治療概論
在高科技必需的21世紀裡，科技快速發明，活動的空間變小時，愈來愈多的壓力或疾病因而產生。或許是文化的關係，在亞洲，環境所造成精神上的疾病並不受到普遍重視，怕被別人或自己被冠上精神病的可能性；目前整個社會體制並沒有完整與正式的機構作此方面的研究；對於精神與心理、身體之間的關係了解太粗淺。 本文希望能藉由色彩在人類心靈反應的作用，以視覺傳達的領域出發，實際融入日常生活，甚至廣泛地應用來達到色彩治療的效果。色彩隱藏著極大的潛力，許多能量學的實驗已證明，藉由彩色的光能影響人的身體反應，在文中並將單一色彩的療法做一個總集。但是，就我對色彩治療希望提出重視的，並不是這些難以用實質的東西做探討；希望先針對藝術中的色彩（創作的用色）或是透過創作者的用色技巧，使觀賞者達到心靈的共鳴，或是色彩本身，對人的心靈上，是否可以藉此概念達到現代疾病的治療來做探討。 換個角度說，如果我們完全掙脫內在心靈和自然的關係，只著重於外表的理論作研究，未來科技與人文將會是漸行漸遠的。
 
An Introduction of Colour Therapy
In the high tech must 21ST century, more and fast technology has been developed and less space human can really stand on. Do you notice that more of pain and pressure emerge, cause our psychological damage. In Asia, that kind of sickness and healing wasn't popular, not because we have enough time to understand and explore inner ourselves, It is shame to speak out，there may be a psychology problems, and whole society haven't got formal associations in doing this kind of research, and general public can not understand well in between psychological and psychology. This presentation hope to gain the power of color, which directly shows human reaction through visual contact in everyday life, let color apply itself as kind of therapy.
 
行動電話液晶螢幕之色彩評估
本研究之目的在調查行動電話液晶顯示螢幕上，字體大小與背景色彩對視認性與易讀性的影響，採用易讀性、滿意度與錯誤率為本研究之評估準則。作者依據CIELAB五個色彩中心，選用它們當作螢幕背景色(紅、黃、綠、藍及灰)， 並採用7pt、10pt及13pt三種大小不同的細明體。15組由背景色彩及字體大小組合而成之實驗樣本，呈現在模擬之大哥大顯示字幕上，由30位受測者採用主觀及客觀的評比方法進行評估。藉由實驗結果，可以提供特定情況下，較適切字體大小與背景色彩搭配組合，此資料對於設計師在安排行動電話液晶顯示螢幕上背景色彩及字體大小是非常有用的資料。 實驗結果發現，(1)在易讀性方面，相同字體大小，灰色、黃色以及藍色背景比紅色背景易讀性高；字體愈大其易讀性愈高。(2)在滿意度方面，相同字體大小，黃色、紅色以及藍色背景比綠色、灰色背景滿意度高；字體愈大其滿意度愈高。(3)在錯誤率方面，相同字體大小，在藍色、綠色背景裏的字體誤判率低於黃色，灰色、紅色背景的誤判率高於黃色背景；字體愈大其錯誤率愈低。(4)在視角方面，視角愈大，其易讀性及滿意度愈高，錯誤率低。在往後的行動電話螢幕背景色彩和字體大小組合的搭配上，紅色、黃色、綠色、藍色及灰色背景時，建議之字體大小依序為20pt，13pt，14pt，13pt及17pt。
 
Evaluation of Color on LCD of A Mobile Phone
This study aims to investigate the influences of legibility and readability for each background color and letter size on LCD of mobile phone. The evaluation criteria of readability, satisfaction and error rate were used in this study. The author selected five background colors (red, yellow, green, blue and gray) according to the CIELAB five color centers. The thin-Ming letter of 7pt、10pt and 13pt were also adopted in this study. Fifteen experimental samples are combinations of background colors and letter sizes and display on the simulative LCD of each mobile phone. Thirty observers judge the fifteen combinations with subjective and objective evaluation methods. The experimental results could provide the suitable combinations of background color and letter size at specified conditions. These data will be very useful for designer in arranging the background color and letter size on LCD of mobile phone. The experimental results show that (1) Readability: The readability of letter at gray, yellow and blue background color is better than that at red background color. The larger letter size is more readability. The larger letter size is more readability. (2) Satisfaction: The observer's satisfaction of yellow, red and blue background colors is better than that of green and gray background colors. The larger letter size is more satisfaction (3) Error rate: The error rates of blue and green background colors are lower than yellow background colors. The error rates of gray and red backgrounds are higher than yellow background colors. The larger letter size has lower error rate. (4) Visual angle: The larger visual angle is more readability and satisfaction and lower error rate. The suggestions of combination are red, yellow, green, blue and gray background colors with 20pt, 13pt, 14pt, 13pt and 17pt, respectively.
 
非藝術性選配色方法之研究
色彩與日常生活息息相關，我們鎮日與色彩為伍，不論是消極性地選取(購)既有的彩色產品，或積極性地決定運用某些色彩或配色，常常要面對"色彩的抉擇"。大多數的人在選用或配對色彩的時侯，並不確定"原因"為何！或是自我喜好的表現，或許是下意識之顯現，也可能是藝術美感的抉擇，其原因之探索讓諸多色彩學研究者投入。基於色彩學之研究可以自物理學、心理學、生理學、物理心理學、心理生理學等不同科學領域切入，各有其不同之探討方式，結論也各有不同。 本研究旨在探討除了所謂"藝術性"(Artistic)之隱性選配色原因不易表達之外，尚有那些已知的選配色方法可以提供作為"合理化"(Rational)之配色參考。諸如以大自然為師的選配色，以光譜順序為主的選配色，與語意學結合的色彩意象(Color Imagery)選配色，以中國五行生剋關係所衍生的選配色方式，西方氣輪(Chakra)說所衍生的選配色等均在評比之列。本文並就各種已知之配色方式，其色彩選配之必要性與可行性加以比較分析。
 
A Study of Color Choosing and Matching Methods with a Non-artistic Manner
Color lives with us in our daily life. We choose color and match color daily without aware if there are obvious or specific reasons most of the time. It could be someone's subconscious, personal preference, artistic expressions, or any other reasons. Many researchers are eager to figure out the precious causal relations between color and its effects. Color effects can be studied in many aspects, such as physical, psychological, psychophysical, physiological point of views. The various approaches may lead to different findings. This study is concentrate in exploring what are the choices one select colors and the rationales of selecting colors with non-artistic manners. Existing color choosing and matching methods like natural imitation, color spectrum matching, semantic color image scale, Chinese five-element system, and the Chakra system are surveyed. systems elaborated from the initial survey then will be examined and criticized.
 
光源條件對應色預測之研究
光源條件對應色通常用以表示在不同光源條件下具有相同色外觀之色對。對於光源條件對應色之預測，至今常用的預測模式(即色度適應模式)有如：von Kries, Bartleson, BFD, CIE, Hunt, CIEL*a*b*, RLAB, LLAB, KUO等。在本文中以四組獨立實驗結果(光源條件對應色資料)測試這些模式之預測表現。其結果顯示預測模式KUO具有較佳表現，即模式KUO對於本文所採用之四組獨立實驗結果有較精確之預測結果。
 
A Study on the Prediction of Corresponding Colours in Illuminant Change
Corresponding colours are usually used to express the pairs of colour stimuli that have the same colour appearance over changes in illumination conditions. Several good models (say chromatic adaptation model) have been developed to predict corresponding colours, such as von Kries, Bartleson, BFD, CIE, Hunt, CIEL*a*b*, RLAB, LLAB, KUO. Four sets of corresponding colours from four independent experiments in chromatic adaptation are employed to investigate the performance of various chromatic adaptation models. The results indicate that the Kuo model agrees well with the four sets of data used. In addition, the latest model is a non-homogeneous, linear model being more suitable for chromatic adaptation prediction than the others tested, at least for the four sets of data used.
 
CCD Camera之彩色處理及應用
CCD Camera 的產品形態由類比逐步進入數位時代：攝影機、機器視覺、數位相機、數位攝影機、數位機器視覺。彩色處理的功能及重要性也再逐步提昇中。CCD Camera面對的是複雜的取像環境，從自然景物到各式各樣的景物，從光亮環境到灰暗環境，或從自然光到辦公室日光燈、景物的特性、光源的種類及光線的強弱，這些外在複雜的取像條件及變因往往讓使用者無法得到相當一致的影像品質，如在鎢絲燈下拍攝的影像，將產生偏黃、偏紅效果的影像；在辦公室的日光燈下將產生偏綠、偏藍效果的影像。此外，每個CCD Camera 特性也不同，必須個別做校正。CCDCamera的校正包含暈暗、線性、色度、光源（偏色照明）等校正。在各種不同光源條件下的校正色彩誤差值（ΔE*ab）都能有效地控制在ΔE*ab小於8以下，在影像多媒体方面之應用已足夠；ICC格式能讓使用者很容易獲得相當不錯的影像品質。在工業機器視覺之方面，在特定目標下，能有效地控制在ΔE*ab小於8以下。
 
The Color Processing and Application of CCD Camera

Various kinds of CCD camera products appear in the world year by year, such like camcorder, machine vision, digital camera, digital camcorder, and digital machine vision. So the function of color processing and its importance has prompted. However, the image-retrieving environment is so complicated, such like from a nature object to a variety of objects, from a light environment to a dark environment, or from a nature light to a daylight in office, the properties of objects, and the varieties of light sources and light intensities. These complex external image-retrieving environments let users can not get an accordant image quality. Such under a tungsten lamp, the image appears yellowish and reddish; under daylight in office, the image becomes greenish and bluish. In addition, the respective property of CCD cameras is also different that needs to be calibrated respectively. The CCD camera calibration includes the verification of luminance, linearity, color, and light source. Generally, it is enough for multimedia applications that the calibrated color difference (ΔE*ab) under 8, and the format of ICC can also let users easily to get a fair image quality. In the industry machine vision, and under a specified objective, the value of ΔE*ab can also be effectively controlled less than 8.

 

6/28 (Wednesday)
 
DRP色彩意象尺度與CIEL*a*b*色彩空間關係之研究
在本文中採用心理物理學方法導演出一種新色彩意象尺度DRP。同時，亦探討此色彩意象尺度與CIEL*a*b*色彩空間之間的關係。其結果顯示，整體而言，觀測者判定色彩意象時之誤差達33%，此結果與觀測者在色差判定上相類似。另外，亦發現DRP色彩意象尺度與CIEL*a*b*色彩空間之間存在有一良好的關係。
 
The Investigation on the Relationship between DRP Colour Image Scale and CIEL*a*b* Colour Space
A new colour image scale is developed using a psychophysical method (say magnitude estimation method). The relativity between the latest colour image scales DRP and the CIEL*a*b* colour space is also studied. The results show that the total mean value of coefficient of variation for the visual results, in general, is about 33. Also, a good relationship between the latest colour image scales DRP and the CIEL*a*b* colour space can be found.
 
空間色彩意象在設計上的應用研究
不同的色彩會給予人不同的意象感受，而空間色彩因受環境色彩的包圍，對人的知覺有更強烈的影響。空間色彩除了應用在建築或室內空間設計外，尚有許多相關設計亦與空間色彩有密不可分的關係，如大眾交通工具、家用轎車、衛浴空間產品規劃等。因現今的產品開發，已漸從產品導向轉為消費者導向，所以在產品設計上，更需考慮到個性化的個別需求。設計師在色彩計劃上，若可藉由不同的用色，確切掌握不同消費族群的感覺需求，必能增加產品效益。 本研究是以感性工學的概念了解消費者對空間色彩的感覺需求，並挑選出代表性的語彙作成問卷尺度，以電腦模擬方式繪製出空間內部的實驗樣本，配合日本JIS-Z8721標準Munsell色票體系作實驗色樣，藉由模糊理論作相關運算，將意象感覺數值化，再應用數值化資訊結合電腦輔助設計觀念建立諮詢資料庫，使設計師在色彩規劃時，可依消費者所需的意象作用色諮詢，以拉進設計師和消費者間的用色距離，達到以色彩輔助產品行銷目的。 諮詢系統所呈現出的結果，並非一詞一色的對應關係，而是依不同諮詢條件換算出符合所訂隸屬函數的色彩群，使設計師可在符合消費者意象感覺的條件下，有擇色的自由空間，更可考慮到環境色彩融合及個別差異性的問題。
 
A Study on Application of the Spatial Color Image to Design
Different colors not only yield different image perception but also create distinct characteristics of space. Spatial color influences the perception seriously because of environmental color. Spatial color could be applied to architecture or interior design. In addition, spatial color acts upon lots of correlated design, such as mass transit, automobile, bathroom product design. Nowadays there is a shift for the development of product from product-oriented to consumer-oriented; therefore, the demand of individual should be considered in product design. During the color planning, designers can increase the benefit of product by using different colors to capture different perception demands of different market segmentations. This research work applies the conceptions of Kansei engineering to understand consumers' spatial perception demand. In this thesis, the questionnaire scale is composed by typical glossaries. The experiment sample is made by computer with standard Munsell color system established by JIS . This research applies fuzzy theory to digitalize image perception. Besides, consultative system is established by applying digital information and computer aided design in order to execute consultative glossaries from consumers' perception demand during color planning. The objectives are to make designers and consumers closer and to achieve color aided marketing. The result of consultative system is a color set according measures of fuzziness under different consultative conditions, instead of one-on-one relationship. It makes designers have freedom to choose color with consumers' image perception. And, the blend of environmental color and the difference between individuals are considered.
 
色彩美學與城鄉景觀關係之研究－以城鄉聚落中的色彩經驗為例
相關於身體經驗在環境感覺品質中的討論，近年來巳經成為國際學界中討論的重點，而身體經驗包含了視、嗅、聽、觸、味等感覺，其中視覺經驗最受到眾人矚目。也是討論的重點，而在諸多視覺經驗中，色彩經驗可以算是最重要的一環。因此本研究即嘗試研究建築聚落環境中的色彩經驗，試探特別的色彩經驗是否反映建築聚落某些特殊的空間品質，而這些空間品質所給予人們的感覺品質如何？研究的取材，包括親身對不同建築聚落之實際經驗，同時也收錄了著名繪畫、攝影作品中，有關色彩的主題，甚至也收集了文學作品中有關色彩的探討等，希望透過不同的體裁中對色彩的視覺凝視經驗種種討論，以便對於色彩有更深入的詮釋，而論文的內容包含：一、色彩美學經驗的討論。二、建築聚落中色彩經驗的案例分析（建築、繪畫、文學等等方面的探討）。三、色彩在建築環境經驗品質的應用與影響。
 
The application of environmental color science in landscape design - A case study on Tien-Shian recreational areas
Color Plan and color management are major components of Landscape Design, which interelated with nature color pattern and man-made color pattern , and also associated with environmental aesthetics and environmental physcology. This study applied theory of Environmental Color Science and using Monsell's Color Harmony theory on the planning of environmental color design and basic master plan. The Tein-Shian Recreational Areas are unique natural scenic sites located in Taroko National Park, containing with remote ecosystem but bearing with significant development presure. It is crucial to establish color management guideline as a tool to protect its virgin landscape quality while alowing minimum development.
 
環境色彩學理論在景觀設計上之應用
不同的色彩會給予人不同的意象感受，而空間色彩因受環境色彩的包圍，對人的知覺有更強烈的影響。空間色彩除了應用在建築或室內空間設計外，尚有許多相關設計亦與空間色彩有密不可分的關係，如大眾交通工具、家用轎車、衛浴空間產品規劃等。因現今的產品開發，已漸從產品導向轉為消費者導向，所以在產品設計上，更需考慮到個性化的個別需求。設計師在色彩計劃上，若可藉由不同的用色，確切掌握不同消費族群的感覺需求，必能增加產品效益。 本研究是以感性工學的概念了解消費者對空間色彩的感覺需求，並挑選出代表性的語彙作成問卷尺度，以電腦模擬方式繪製出空間內部的實驗樣本，配合日本JIS-Z8721標準Munsell色票體系作實驗色樣，藉由模糊理論作相關運算，將意象感覺數值化，再應用數值化資訊結合電腦輔助設計觀念建立諮詢資料庫，使設計師在色彩規劃時，可依消費者所需的意象作用色諮詢，以拉進設計師和消費者間的用色距離，達到以色彩輔助產品行銷目的。 諮詢系統所呈現出的結果，並非一詞一色的對應關係，而是依不同諮詢條件換算出符合所訂隸屬函數的色彩群，使設計師可在符合消費者意象感覺的條件下，有擇色的自由空間，更可考慮到環境色彩融合及個別差異性的問題。
 
A Study on Application of the Spatial Color Image to Design
Different colors not only yield different image perception but also create distinct characteristics of space. Spatial color influences the perception seriously because of environmental color. Spatial color could be applied to architecture or interior design. In addition, spatial color acts upon lots of correlated design, such as mass transit, automobile, bathroom product design. Nowadays there is a shift for the development of product from product-oriented to consumer-oriented; therefore, the demand of individual should be considered in product design. During the color planning, designers can increase the benefit of product by using different colors to capture different perception demands of different market segmentations. This research work applies the conceptions of Kansei engineering to understand consumers' spatial perception demand. In this thesis, the questionnaire scale is composed by typical glossaries. The experiment sample is made by computer with standard Munsell color system established by JIS . This research applies fuzzy theory to digitalize image perception. Besides, consultative system is established by applying digital information and computer aided design in order to execute consultative glossaries from consumers' perception demand during color planning. The objectives are to make designers and consumers closer and to achieve color aided marketing. The result of consultative system is a color set according measures of fuzziness under different consultative conditions, instead of one-on-one relationship. It makes designers have freedom to choose color with consumers' image perception. And, the blend of environmental color and the difference between individuals are considered.
 

碎形於電腦繪圖之應用
碎形其外型不像直線、弧線和古典歐式幾何學的表面那麼平滑，碎形的誕生來自於歐幾里德式的長度、深度、厚度測量無法掌握不規則形狀的本質，原於數理幾何中運用，但其千變萬化的形狀及色彩非常適用於電腦繪圖上，於是碎形色彩乃日漸蓬勃發展。 電腦繪圖製作時花樣多變乃恆久不變之理，但常因繪圖軟體提供之花紋及色彩搭配有限、或非使用者所需，常有緩不濟急之感，因此將碎形色彩製作應用於電腦繪圖上是為迎合個人主義盛行時代之要事。 本文以VISUAL BASIC語言撰寫碎形程式，以模擬碎形色彩於各種設計之應用，主要構想均以中國象形文字及古埃及文字造型為起點，民族風與科技之融合為設計重點，展示作品如混沌、太極、平衡、敬拜、光焰、飛、收斂及發散均為二維色彩設計，未來研究則致力於三維色彩設計使其更具立體感。
 
Application of Computer Graphics in Fractal
The fractal was born from the length, wide, thickness of Euclid space that cannot indicate to the spirit of irregular shape. The fractal is used for mathematical geometry first. The variety of shape and color of fractal is very suitable for computer graphics. The fractal color is more widespread developed on today. It is excellent for changing of color in computer graphics. But the supply of texture and color in software of computer graphics is not enough or suitable for user. The application of computer graphics for fractal color is very suitable in individualism time. This paper uses the computer program of VISUAL BASIC language to simulate the applications of fractal color. The main ideal comes from the Chinese pictograph and Egypt ancient writing. The design viewpoint combines national feature and technology. The results include chaos, tai chi, balance, belief, fire, fly, converge and diverge are all 2-D case color design. The research will be indicated in 3-D color design in the feature.
 
熱昇華式印表機複製Munsell色票之探討
由於電腦、彩色印表機的普遍,以及彩色印表機技術的精進，因此，如何利用印表機列印出我們所要的色彩，就為各界所期盼。本研究選取可印出色彩飽和、無網點色樣，且色彩穩定的熱昇華式的彩色印表機來列印出我們想要的色票。而Munsell色票為目前工業設計及平面設計等各行各業最常用的色票，因此我們以Munsell 色票中的十個主色相、彩度C=2，4，6，10、明度V=3，5，7的色票為本研究的標準色樣，用熱昇華式印表機進行色彩複製，再計算出複製色票與標準色票的CIELab色差，以探討熱昇華印表機複製Munsell色票的可行性。本研究先由色彩分光儀量測Munsell的標準色樣和熱昇華印表機三原色的基礎資料，再採用工業界色彩複製常用的電腦配色軟體進行配色，取得標準色票的熱昇華印表機三原色的配方，複製色樣，再與標準色票比較。實驗結果發現，108個複製色樣的平均色差ΔEab=1.50，其中81%的色樣ΔEab <2，88%的色樣ΔEab <3，91%的色樣ΔEab <4。
 
A Study for the Reproduction of Munsell Chips Using the Sublimation Printer
Due to the popularity of the computer and the color printer as well as the improvement in the technique of the color printer, we look forward to obtaining an accurate color we want. In our study, we chose the sublimate printer to print our standard chips because the colors printed by it are more saturated and have no dots. We reproduced the Munsell chips whose hues are 5R, 5YR, 5Y, 5GY,5G, 5BG, 5B, 5PB, 5P,5PR and values are 3, 5, 7, and chromas are 2, 4, 6, 10 using the sublimate printer. We then calculated the color differences ΔEab between the reproduced chips and the standard chips. We obtained the recipes by applying the computer color matching system to the sublimation color printer, reproduced the chips ,and compared with the standard chips. From the results of the experiments, we found that the average color difference ΔEab of the total chips (108 chips) is 1.50, that 81% of all produced chips are within ΔEab 2, that 88% are within ΔEab 3 ,and that 91% are within ΔEab 4.
 
色彩管理模式應用於平面媒材數位化之研究
色彩的特質在媒材的表現上佔有重要地位，而在數位科技的的盛行下，實體媒材數位化將有利於其在數位環境下流傳。因此，平面媒材上實體色彩的數位化表現將是重要課題。本文將運用影像色彩科學之原理，探討平面媒材數位化過程之色彩管理流程，藉此將可提升平面媒材之數位化色彩品質。
 
The Application of Color Management System in Asset Management Process
Color is an important attribute of the graphic arts media. Under the current trend of digital asset management, turning the content in physical graphic arts media into the digital form is an inevitable trend. Therefore, how to transform the color property satisfactorily into the digital form for the graphic arts media is becoming a crucial issue. This article will discuss the application of color management system in the asset management process for graphic arts media. It is aimed to enhance the color quality as well as the process efficiency.
 
以顏料混色與測色大單元作業為例探討現今色彩教育
本人從事色彩教育三十年以來，特別重視學生對色彩學中相關內容的整體性認知，希望兼顧本系學生的工學背景能力及打好色彩設計之基礎素養，以及在來日畢業後可能面臨工作上測色與色彩管理的需要。所以，筆者對色彩學中若干與此方面有關的內容，設計出在一個主題下環扣相串的作業，名曰「顏料混色與測色大單元作業練習」，想以此作業讓學生學習顏料混色與平塗刷色等有關設計表現的基礎技能，再透過目視測色儀器測色的練習讓學生學會這些操作要領，並要求自CIE Y， x y轉換為Munsell 色系的Hv/c值，讓他們了解CIE色彩系統與知覺色彩空間的內容及其間的對應關係，為未來實務工作做準備。從這個教學案例，試圖探討數值化色彩時代及個性化主張的今天，如何因應e世代的科技社會環境及學習心理，除配合網路教學外最重要的是要顧及不同大學科系的需求與生活中有關色彩的問題，有計劃地編寫有關色彩認知、色感訓練、配色練習及色彩實驗等等作業，綜合設計出理論與實務、多元與有趣的色彩作業，讓色彩理論生活化、實務化，提昇色彩教學效果。這種努力或可充當做色彩研究的催化劑。
 
An Exploratory Study of Current Color Education－Using a Theme－based Project of Pigment Mixture and Color Measurement as an Example
While engaged in color education for the last thirty years, I have paid particular attention to students' holistic cognition of the related contents in chromatics in the hope that a sound foundation in color design can be laid by the students with an engineering background and that, on graduating, the demand for color measurement and color management on the job can be met. Consequently, I have devised a series of closely related assignments under one particular theme and is entitled " a theme-based project of pigment mixture and color measurement." It is believed that such assignments will enable students to learn the basic skills related to design expression like pigment mixture and brushing color. Students are expected to learn the operational essentials through visual measurement and instrumental measurement. They are required to convert from the CIE Yxy to the Hv/c value of the Munsell color system in order to understand the CIE color system and the contents of perceptual color space and their corresponding relationships so that they can be prepared for their future practical jobs. Based on this instructional case, I have tried to explore the digital color age and personalized assertion. In response to the technological society and environment and learning psychology of this e generation, one has to take into account the different requirements from students of different university departments and the problems relating to color in daily life. I have systematically written exercises on color perception, color-sense training, and color combination, as well as color experiment. I have designed comprehensively theoretical and practical color assignments of interest and diversity. To make color theory lively and practical and to enhance the teaching effects, it is hoped that the efforts I have put forth can serve as a catalyst for color research.
 
基礎色彩學課程之教案規劃研究
本研究主要探討適合於技職教育"基礎色彩學"課程的教材與教學方法。雖然目前一般設計相關科系皆以教育部規定之課程為上課依據，但運用在實際教學時，由於缺乏啟發式教學法而造成學生缺乏主動學習的精神與獨立思考能力。並且基礎設計教育的學習與訓練成果，對於學生日後專業素養影響甚鉅，所以基礎設計教育被視為設計教育中最重要的環節。 在本研究中，藉由搭配以啟發式教育為觀點所編纂之新教材為實驗性教材，作者企圖提出能夠增進學生學習效率與主動學習的新教學方法。為評比新式與傳統式教學法的成效，分別將這兩種教學法運用於實際試驗性教學各半年，經由比較兩組學生之形成式評量（第一與第二次月考）與總結性評量（P.C.C.S色調練習與寒暖對比練習）成績，並運用單因子變異數分析檢定差異的顯著性後，歸納出： (1)形成式評量：新式教學法的學習成果優於傳統式教學法，並且隨著受教時間之增長，其差異有增加之趨勢。 (2)總結性評量：藉由將學生依其成績區分為高、中、低的三群以仔細比較學習成效，雖然只有一組具顯著差異，但是所有新教學法的表現皆優於傳統教學法。 (3)在觀察學生學習過程後，新教學法之優點為：1.提昇學生學習動機。2.輔助學生主動學習新知識。3.幫助學生運用理論於實際作業。
 
A Study of Syllabus Planning for Fundamental Color Theory
This research aimed to find out more suitable teaching materials and teaching method for Fundamental Color Theory in technological and vocational education. Although in design related departments, the syllabus of Fundamental Color Theory is according to the principles that was decided by Ministry of Education, but lacking of heuristic teaching method make the students are deficient of aggressive learning attitude and independent thinking ability. Besides, the training and learning results of basic design education will extremely influence the learning ability for other advanced courses, therefore the teaching method and materials of basic design education are considered as the most important point of design education. In this study, by changing the theme and content of teaching materials based on the viewpoint of heuristic education, we try to suggesting a new teaching method that could make students' learning more efficiently and aggressively. In order to comparing the effects of new teaching method with the traditional method, we apply them into practical lesson individually for half an year. Through comparing the results of formative evaluations (1st and 2nd examination) and summative evaluations (P.C.C.S tone exercise and cool-warm contrast exercise) by One-way ANOVA, We found out: (1)In formative evaluation, the effects of new method are better than the traditional one, and the longer the students were taught the difference between them became more significant. (2)In summative evaluation, by dividing all the students into 3 different levels (high score level, middle score level and low score level), the performance of related level students are compared elaborately. Although just one of six compares (3 levels X 2 exercises) is significant, but the symptoms that the scores of new teaching method are all better than the traditional teaching method are observed. (3)Through observing the students' learning attitude in whole learning process, the advantages of new teaching method and materials are as follows: 1. Elevating the learning motivation. 2.helping students in learning new knowledge more aggressively. 3.helping students in applying the theory into exercises.
 
色彩學教材不同編寫方式之比較
人類生來即存在於多彩多姿的大自然環境中，日常生活中使用之各項產品之設計工作，強調造形的多變及機能的多樣化，除此之外，不同的色彩規劃也賦予產品不同的生命力。因此引起學生對於「色彩學」知識的興趣及加強其對「色彩原理」的瞭解是非常重要。 本研究運用創造思考教學法，設計出一些適合大專學生學習的色彩學教材，並以其中的一個單元─「色彩對比現象」為例，比較不同教材之效果，以二專一年級的學生進行教材學習活動。研究的內容如下：(1) 以代表「自然組」的電機工程科與代表「社會組」的企業管理科學生為實驗對象，在正式測試之前一週，先行進行預測。依據預測結果將各組學生分為三群，總共有六組。(2)以本研究所設計的教材(創造思考教材)及目前色彩教學中常用的兩種不同教材（結構取向教教材，歸納式教材）為實驗的樣本教材。(3)教學後進行實驗後測，以變異數分析（ANOVA）及T檢定（T-test），檢驗各組學習效果的差異情形。 研究結果顯示，(1) 使用本研究所設計之教材（創造思考教學法）的兩班學生均較其他兩種教材有較高之受測成績；(2) 各種教材對於學生的學習有顯著之貢獻，即學習活動進行之前、後有明顯的進步，但進步的幅度不若本研就之創新教材。因此，本研究依創造思考教學法所編製的內容在色彩原理的教學中應是可行和有價值的教材。
 
The Comparisons of Different Editing Methods for Teaching Materials of Color Theory
Human being was born in the colorful nature environment. The designing works of very kinds of products used in the daily life are emphasized on both various shapes and different functions. In addition, different colors planning also give products different life force. Hence, To motive students to be interesting the knowledge of "color" and gain the understanding of "color theory". They are very important. This study adopted the creative thinking teaching method to design a few suitable teaching materials of color theory for college students. The authors used the unit of "color contrast phenomenon" as an example to compare the effects of different teaching materials with college students. The contents of this study were as follow: (1)The students of electrical engineering department and enterprise management department were chosen as experimental objects. One week before the formal test, the authors executed the pretest. According to the pretest results, each set was divided into three groups. Totally, the students had six groups. (2)Three teaching materials were used as experimental samples in this study. One, is a creative thinking teaching material, was designed by authors and the other two, are structure-oriented teaching material and inductive teaching material are frequently used in designing the teaching material. (3)After the formal teaching, the students were examined with the achievement test. The statistical analysis methods of ANOVA and T-test were used to inspect the difference of learning effect between the different groups The results show that: (1) Two classes students who were taught with creative thinking teaching materials had higher scores than the others teaching materials. (2) The students were taught with different teaching material had higher scores than the scores before executing the teaching working. But, the growing magnitude was not significant as the teaching material derived from creative thinking method. Hence, the contents of teaching material were derived from the creative thinking method should be more practicable and valuable for the teaching works of color theory.
 
量測儀器在色彩教學上的應用
隨著科技的發達，彩色螢幕、印表機、數位相機的普及，色彩的應用領域也相對的更加廣泛，因此對於色彩學的探討，除了色知覺、色彩配色及色彩體系外，如何利用色彩量測儀器以科學的方式量測色彩、表達色彩也就相形重要。而學校的色彩教育對象除了設計相關科系外，其他工學院相關科系也有教授色彩相關課程的必要性。因此我們擬以色彩量測儀器為主，以電腦和應用軟體為輔，設計一套色彩實驗，將色彩的現象及理論透過實際的量測和實驗，使學生領會到日常生活中色彩的奧秘和色彩量測的實務性，使色彩教學生活化，以提高學生的學習興趣。 本色彩實驗教學課程大綱擬包含有色彩心理、光源色特性及量測、物體色性質及量測和色彩管理系統。希望藉此課程使學生不但會使用色彩量測儀器外，並了解色彩對比、色彩三屬性及色彩體系、色度座標CIEYxy、CIELab、光源的特性以及物體的同色異譜現象等理論，期望這一色彩實驗課程，可使色彩教育更能符合現今數位化科技時代的需求。
 
The Application of Measurement Instruments on Color Science Education
The application of color science has been more widely spread in recent years due to the improvement in the technique and the popularity of the color monitor, printer and digital camera. How to measure "color" and accurately describe it using instruments has become increasingly important. Color education is necessary not only for students of related design departments but also for students of engineering school. We design a course of color experiments which uses mainly colorimeters and is supplemented with the software and computer to enable students to understand the mysteries of color in daily life and the practicality of color measurement through real measurement and experiment. We hope this course can enhance students' interest as result of the pragmatic teaching. The project of this course contains four parts: color psychology perception, properties and measurement of light color, properties and measurement of surface color and the color management system. It is believed that students can not only be able to operate the colorimeter but also comprehend the color theories such as color contrast, color attributions, color order systems, color coordination CIEYxy, CIELab, metamerism. We hope this color experiment course will meet the requirement of the digital era.